605 Quiz Review Gathering Weather Data and Weather Maps
In forecasting the weather, a Meteorologist must at to the lowest degree know something well-nigh the existing weather condition over a large area earlier he tin make a reliable forecast. The accuracy of his forecast depends largely upon his knowledge of the prevailing weather weather condition over a very wide surface area. The forecast decision is based on various forecasting tools. The basic tool of a weather forecaster is the Atmospheric condition MAP.
The conditions map depicts the distribution patterns of atmospheric pressure, wind, temperature and humidity at the different levels of the temper. There are two types of the basic weather map namely, the surface map and the upper-air maps. In that location are v standard levels of the upper-air maps that are constructed twice daily at twelve-hourly interval. The surface maps are fabricated iv times daily at 6-hourly intervals. On the surface maps, the distribution patterns of rain or other forms of precipitation and cloudiness tin too be delineated.
1st Stride: Ascertainment
Observation of unlike weather elements are made simultaneously as follows:
Surface observations are made at to the lowest degree every three hours over country and ocean.
Land-based weather stations around the globe and automatic stations detect the atmospheric pressure, current of air direction and speed, temperature of the air, humidity, clouds, precipitation and visibility using standard weather instruments such as the barometer, wind vane, anemometer, thermometer, psychrometer or hygrometer and raingauge. In add-on to these, coastal weather condition stations, conditions ships and bounding main data beacon observe the country of the sea by observing the height and period of moving ridge.
Upper air stations around the world also brand observations at least every twelve hours.
The pressure, temperature, dew point temperature, wind management and speed are observed at selected levels in the atmosphere using radiosondes which tape these data past tracking helium-filled balloons attached to transmitters. Another apparatus, the theodolite, is used in observing current of air direction and speed also at selected levels. In addition to these, commercial air planes discover the weather forth their routes at specified times.
Meteorological satellites, geostationary and polar orbiting, take pictures of the deject imagery of the atmosphere. These satellites take pic of the earth's cloud formations every hour and continuously, respectively.
Weather radars are also used to find the cloud coverage within the range of the radar.
A vast array of weather data are fed to the computer which analyzes them as programmed and makes a fourth dimension integration of concrete equations. This is called numerical atmospheric condition prediction.
2nd Step: Collection and Transmission of Conditions Data
Weather observations which are condensed into coded figures, symbols and numerals are transmitted via radiophone, teletype, facsimile car or telephone to designated drove centers for farther transmission to the central forecasting station at WFFC. Weather satellite pictures are transmitted to ground receiving stations while radar observations are transmitted to forecasting centers through a local advice system.
3rd Pace: Plotting of Weather Data
Upon receipt of the coded messages, they are decoded and each set of observations is plotted in symbols or numbers on atmospheric condition charts over the respective areas or regions. Observations fabricated over land and sea are plotted on the surface or hateful sea level charts which are prepared four times a solar day. Radiosonde, theodolite, aircraft and satellite current of air observations are plotted on upper level charts which are prepared twice daily.
4th Step: Analysis Of Weather condition Maps, Satellite And Radar Imageries And Other Data
Current atmospheric condition maps are analyzed as follows:
SURFACE (MSL) Chart: The information plotted on this weather condition map are analyzed isobarically. This means the aforementioned atmospheric pressure at different places are inter-connected with a line taking into consideration the direction of the wind. Through this analysis, conditions systems or the and so-called centers of action such as loftier and depression pressure areas, tropical cyclones, cold and warm fronts, intertropical convergence zone, can be located and delineated.
UPPER AIR CHARTS: The information plotted on this weather map are analyzed using streamline assay. Lines are drawn to illustrate the flow of the wind. With this kind of analysis, anticyclones or high pressure level areas and cyclones or low pressure level areas can be delineated.
NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION MODEL OUTPUT: The computer-plotted weather maps are analyzed manually so that weather systems similar cyclones and anticyclones, troughs, etc. are located.
MONITOR Atmospheric condition CHARTS: Plotted data on the cantankerous-section, rainfall and 24-hour pressure change charts are analyzed to determine the move of current of air waves, rainfall distribution and the behavior of the atmospheric pressure.
Compare the electric current atmospheric condition maps with the previous 24 - 72 60 minutes weather maps level past level to determine the development and movement of atmospheric condition systems that may affect the forecast expanse.
Examine the latest atmospheric condition satellite picture, noting the cloud formations in relation to the weather condition systems on the current atmospheric condition maps.
Compare the latest weather satellite picture with the previous satellite pictures (up to 48 hours) noting the development and movement of weather systems that may affect the state.
Examine the latest computer output of the numerical weather prediction model noting the 24-60 minutes, 48-60 minutes and 72-hour objective forecast of the conditions systems that may affect the forecast area.
Analyze the latest radar reports and other pocket-size forecasting tools.
fifth Step: Formulation of the Forecast
Subsequently the analysis of all available meteorological information/data has been completed, the training of forecasts follows. The first and i of the preliminary steps is the determination as accurately as the data allow, of the location 24 hours hence of the different weather systems and the existing atmospheric condition over a particular region. In many cases a fairly satisfactory estimate of the management and rate of movement may be made past simply measuring the movement during the concluding 12 or 24 hours and then extrapolating, or extending, this motion into the futurity and hence what weather will be experienced in different areas in the immediate futurity.
Source: https://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/learning-tools/how-weather-forecast-made
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